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    • Grandmother Clara Zetkin Speaks
    • High Stepping Ohio Horseman
    • Philip Teitelbaum Creates a Money Making Machine
    • The 1755 Lisbon Earthquake..
    • Poul le Cour
    • John Collier's Fight for Indian Rights and the First and Last Superintendent of Indian Affairs
    • Lt. Colonel Ely Parker, First Native American Commissioner of Indian Affairs
    • Clara and Henry Leffingwell - An English, American, and Australian Story
    • The Murderer and the Museum Curator - Nathan Leopold and Kirtland's Warbler
    • Wilbur Carr, the State Department, and Immigration - 1920-1945
    • Billy Sunday Preached His Prayer Pennant Willing Baseball Story
    • William Alden Smith, Michigan's Titanic Senator
    • Helen and Dickinson Bishop Survive An Earthquake and the Titanic
    • Faster Than Flames: Locomotive Engineer James Root Races the Hinckley Fire
    • Three Hot and Contentious Weeks in July 1925 - The Scopes "Monkey " Trial
    • The Confederados Become Brazilian, but Honor Their American Southern Roots
    • Fascinating Footnote: The Goosedown Divorce
    • Clara and Henry Leffingwell - An English, Australian, and American Story
    • The Molly Maguires - Trailblazers or Terrorists?
    • Lt. Uriah Phillips Levy Fights Prejudice and Saves Monticello
    • The Stavisky Affair - Sasha the Suave Scammer
    • General Santa Anna, Chicle, and Chewing Gum
    • James J. Metcalfe, Gangbuster, Reporter, Poet
  • Women Along the Historical Way
    • Lucena Brockway Adapts to Life in the Keweenaw Copper Mining Country of Lake Superior
    • Ida Tarbell- "Bachelor Soul." Transitional Woman, or Both?
    • SOE Agent Andree Borrel Lived Several Lifetimes in Her 24 Years
    • Ruth Becker's Faith Helped Her Survive the Titanic and Life Beyond
    • Clara Zetkin Speaks Against Hitler in the German Reichstag
    • Maria Mitchell, America's First Woman Astronomer
    • Lee Lawrence Ansberry - The Courage to Live
    • Lydia Latrobe Roosevelt and the First Mississippi River Steamboat
    • Margaret Fox Kane's Victorian Love Story
    • Chicagoan Kate Kellogg Meets a Ghost on a Train
  • Acting History-History Plays
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    • Does Columbus Haunt His Ships...
    • The Phantom Plowman
    • The Western Reserve and the Gilcher
    • The Ticonderoga's Haunted Bell
    • The Train Chaser
    • Mary Surratt
    • Farmer Brunett's Ghost Lantern
    • A Bicyclist Encounters a Phantom
  • Wading in Historical Waters
    • The Lady and the Patriot- The Fateful Voyage of Theodosia Burr Alston
    • Operation Dynamo at Dunkirk- Snatching Soldiers from the Fingers of the Nazis
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    • Captain Jedediah Spinnet and His Sons Caught Fish and Pirates
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    • Pistol Head, Cocker Spaniel, Combat Veteran
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    • Sallie the Civil War Heroine
  • Creative History
    • World War II Photographs by Sandy Blakeman
    • Church Going is a Common Historical Experience
  • Musical Muse
    • Lydia Maria Child Writes and Explores Over the River and Through the Wood
    • Solomon Linda, Mbube, Wimoweh, The Lion Sleeps Tonight
    • Leroy Anderson Captures Fun and Feelings in His Music
    • Harry Barnhart Helped Soldiers Sing Their Way Through World War I >
      • Presidents in a Package-George Washington >
        • Mary Breckinridge, Circuit Riding Nurse and Founder of the Frontier Nursing Service
        • George and Harry Washington Fight for Freedom
        • Charles Wedel Served on Manitowoc Submarines >
          • Navy Diver Frank Prebezich Remembered Pearl Harbor by Salvaging Battleships
          • Stan Valentine at Pearl Harbor
          • World War II - Serving Aboard the USS Enterpise
          • Michel Linovich-an Italian in Napoleon's Grand Army
          • Charles Whittlesey- Scholar, Soldier, Humanist
          • The Five Sullivan Brothers Stick Together...
          • Kentuckian James Andrews and the Yankee Bridge Burners
          • General Grant, General Babcock, General McDonald and Journalist Colony: A Study in Scandal and Friendship
          • The Dudman Family Lived the Meaning...
        • George Washington Travels French Creek to Fort Le Boeuf
        • Miracle in World War I - the Christmas
        • Presidents in a Package - Thomas Jefferson
        • President James Monroe Inspects Michigan Territory - 1817
        • President Grover Cleveland's Secret Surgery on the Steam Yacht Oneida
        • John Kissinger Volunteers to Get Yellow Fever
        • Mary Todd Lincoln Considered April Her "Season of Sadness"
        • Violets for Valor - Two Bereaved Fathers in the Civil War
      • Clarence and Mildred Beltmann - Persevering Through Hard Times
    • Singing Kumbayah- Harmonious in Hope, Discordant in Derision
    • James Bird - The Battle of Lake Erie, The Execution, The Ballad
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    • Dan Fogelberg and His Music
    • Philip Paul Bliss and His Trunk of Songs
    • Riding with Private Andrew Malone: For All of those who didn't Make it Home
    • Do You Ken John Peel?
    • "Mind the Music and the Step-" Yankee Doodle Sings History
  • Back Water River and British Bluster
  • Soldier's Stories
  • September 11, 2001 is a "Mixed Feeling Day"
  • Memories of the Pearl Harbor Attack Haven't Faded with Time
    • Memories of Pearl Harbor
  • Light and Radiance - Figure Skater Laurence Owen and Her Team
  • Historic Halloween Tales
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    • Drive A Thanksgiving Turkey!
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      • Presidents in a Package - Abraham Lincoln
      • Americans and Britons Celebrated Thanksgiving 1942 in War Weathered England
      • Writing a Gratitude Journal for Thanksgiving Day
      • "Do You Hear What I Hear?" >
        • Christmas Eve, 1941-A Sailor
        • Alfred Burt and Wihla Hutson
        • Milwaukee Soldiers and Sailors in World War II
        • History Sports Scenes >
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          • Kenesaw Mountain Landis
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        • Silent Night Had Simple Beginnings >
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        • Carols Silent Night and O Holy Night
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        • The Holocaust in History >
          • Carl von Ossietzky Wins a Nobel Prize While in a Nazi Concentration Camp
      • City Scapes

Lucena Brockway Adapts to Life in the Keweenaw Copper Mining Country of Lake Superior

Picture
 by Kathy Warnes

Lucena Brockway, her husband Daniel and their children were Nineteenth Century pioneer settlers in Copper Harbor and Eagle River, Michigan. Douglass Houghton, the father of Michigan copper mining was their friend and names of other early copper country pioneers like Benjamin Stannard, and John Senter dot the entries in the diaries that Lucena kept for over three decades.

Lucena Brockway and her family and friends daily lived with the changing moods of Lake Superior and the air of romance and mystery hovering over its shores. The early pioneers respected the beauty and majesty of Lake Superior, but they also feared the power of the lake to brew deadly storms.  Lucena and her family treated the Copper Harbor and Eagle River Lighthouses like old friends and they witnessed many maritime happenings since they lived on the shores of Lake Superior.

For decades only fur trader’s canoes and small craft navigated Lake Superior because of the difficulty of transporting ships over the rapids in the St. Mary’s River which connects Lake Superior to the other four Great Lakes. The rapids drop about 21 feet and before the Soo Locks were built ships had to be portaged around the rapids. That meant cargos had to be unloaded onto wagons and then reloaded onto the boats that plied up and down the St. Mary’s River.

Lt. Bayfield Surveys Lake Superior

According to Douglass Houghton,  from 1815 to 1822, just one small schooner navigated Lake Superior.  On March 20, 1815, British naval commander Henry Wolsey Bayfield received a lieutenant’s commission and during the summer of 1816, he helped Captain William Fitz William Owens survey several Canadian rivers and lakes. In June 1817, 22-year-old Bayfield  was appointed the admiralty surveyor for North America, and as part of his duties surveyed Lakes Erie, Huron, and Superior.

Early in 1823, Bayfield and his partner Midshipman Philip Edward Collins sailed for Lake Superior in a schooner called the Recovery, chartered from the Hudson’s Bay Company, with Commander Bayfield in charge. He discovered that it was quicker to use the two small boats for surveying He used the schooner Recovery mainly for transporting provisions. In three summers Bayfield and Collins voyaged around Lake Superior, exploring all of its bays and coastal islands. Their winter headquarters were in Fort William, now part of Thunder Bay, Ontario. In the fall of 1825, Bayfield returned to England and worked nearly two years to complete the charts of Lake Erie, Huron, and Superior.

Douglass Houghton and the Brockways

Douglass Houghton played an important part in Lucena Brockway’s life, both directly and indirectly. In 1841, Douglass Houghton issued  his mineral survey report of Lake Superior and the 1842 the United States Government negotiated the  Treaty of La Pointe with the Chippewa Nation which opened the region to exploration.  In 1844, prospectors discovered copper and iron in the Upper Peninsula and the next year copper mining began in the Keweenaw Peninsula. The rush of people created a demand for ships to carry goods back and forth between the Upper Peninsula and the East Coast.

On June 19, 1843, Daniel and his younger brother Alonzo who had been appointed his blacksmithing assistant, his wife Lucena and their two small daughters Charlotte and Delia, arrived at the portage at Sault Ste. Marie. Charles Carrier, employed as a farmer by the Indian Department, and his family met the Brockways at Sault Ste. Marie. For the next six weeks and three days, the Brockway and the Carrier families waited for a ship to take them to L’Anse.

Finally, on August 4, 1843, the old brig John Jacob Astor pulled away from the Sault Ste. Marie dock carrying essential supplies for the isolated communities along the Lake Superior shore and the Brockway and the Carrier families among the impatient passengers bound for L’Anse. Dr. Douglass Houghton, Michigan State Geologist and his party traveled with them as far as Grand Island, about a half a mile from the mainland town of Munising, Michigan. Douglass Houghton had many discussions with Daniel and Lucena Brockway about the prospects in Keweenaw Copper country as they strolled the decks of the John Jacob Astor.

At this point, the John Jacob Astor was more of a seasoned pioneer than the Brockways. The British Whig of August 15, 1845, mentioned the schooners that ferried people and supplies back and forth to the copper mines and copper towns that dotted the Keweenaw Peninsula. The newspaper named the schooners Swallow and Chippewa, but stated that the first American brig on Lake Superior was the 150 ton John Jacob Astor.  The first American commercial ship to sail Lake Superior, the Astor brought many missionaries, miners, and pioneers to the Lake Superior Country. Captain Charles Stannard and Captain Benjamin Stannard who discovered Stannard Rock, took turns navigating the Astor.

As they chatted with Douglass Houghton on the solid deck of the Astor, neither the Brockways nor  Douglass Houghton had any doubt that the brig John Jacob Astor would carry Houghton and his crew safely to Grand Island and the Brockways and their party safely to L’Anse. The American Fur Trading company built the Astor in 1834, with her hull being cut in Black River Ohio in the winter of 1834. The schooner Bridget carried the hull to Lake Superior, and Oliver Newberry and Ramsay Crooks, her owners, assembled her at Sault Ste. Marie between May 1834 and August when she was launched.

After ten years of hauling supplies to isolated Lake Superior ports, on September 21, 1844, the Astor landed supplies for the troops at Fort Wilkins at Copper Harbor. A Lake Superior gale arose and eventually blew the Astor on the rocks near the Fort Wilkins dock. Captain Benjamin Stannard made repeated attempts to free the Astor, but she remained wrecked there all winter. In the spring  he managed to salvage her rigging and machinery, The absence of the Astor caused great hardships in the pioneer Lake Superior settlements the winter of 1844-1845.

On May 1, 1846, the Brockway family – Daniel, Lucena and their three daughters Charlotte, Delia, and Sarah, and two Indians left L’Anse in an open canoe, bound for Copper Harbor.  They arrived there safely on May 3, 1846.

Over the next few decades the Brockways lived in Copper Harbor, and in 1853 operated the Phoenix House Hotel in Eagle River. Lucena Brockway mentions countless visits to Eagle River in her diary entries even after the Brockways had moved away.

Drama at Eagle River and the Eagle River Lighthouse

After the copper rush at the Cliff Mine in 1845, Eagle River grew into a thriving port with a dock, a road, stamp mills, warehouses, streets lined on each sides with boarding houses, saloons and miner’s homes. Eagle River became the shipping point for Cliff Mine copper and the jumping off spot for men and supplies to move into the copper country. It matched and eventually surpassed Copper Harbor for the title of the Keweenaw Peninsula’s biggest boom town.

On September 28, 1850, Congress allocated $6,500 to build a lighthouse at Eagle River to mark the river entrance from Lake Superior. Construction of the lighthouse and keeper’s dwelling was completed in 1857.

A stiff wind blew off the shore of Lake Superior  when the steamer Ironsides arrived at Eagle River on Friday, November 5, 1864. The wind churned Lake Superior’s waters so fiercely that the Ironsides had to anchor on the outer reef instead of coming into the dock and send the passengers, mails, and light freight to the dock in a yawl.

Postmaster, express agent, and jeweler of Eagle River William Siebold distributed the mail and then he learned that there was still some material for him left on the Ironsides. Even though the wind grew stronger and stronger and his friends tried to persuade him not to go out on Lake Superior, William decided he would row out to the Ironsides. He got small boat with a single oar and started to scull out to the Ironsides.

William wasn’t a skilled oarsman and he had only one oar, so the wind and the Lake Superior waves over powered his small boat and carried him past the Ironsides out into the lake. William struggled desperately against the wind and the waves and shouted for help, but no one seemed to believe he was in real danger and no one rowed out to help him.

Finally, people realized that William Siebold had drifted far past the harbor out into the Lake Superior. They approached Captain J.E. Turner of the Ironsides and asked him to search for William Siebold. Captain Turner agreed, but after one of the crew dropped a wrench and disabled an engine, Captain Turner reconsidered. He also noted that he had a short fuel supply and that the storm was getting worse, definitely not conditions for cruising around in Lake Superior on a dark and stormy night looking for a single man in a boat. Captain Turner weighed anchor and started for Copper Harbor.

A crew of skilled boatmen from Eagle River rowed far out into the lake searching for William.. They battled the waves and shouted his name, but they didn’t find any trace of him or the small boat with one oar. For three years no one in Eagle River heard anything more from William Siebold.

After failing to hear from William, his friends in Eagle River wrote to his friends in Germany informing them of his death and his Eagle River friends administered and settled his estate.

Then on September 21, 1867, a story appeared in a Detroit newspaper and the same story appeared in the Portage Lake Michigan Mining Gazette on October 3, 1867.  Gustave Diemel, the man who succeeded William Siebold as post master of Eagle River, claimed that he had received a letter from William Siebold. Written in a “strong, plain hand”  and addressed to the Postmaster, Eagle River, Michigan, the letter was postmarked Detroit, September 21, 1867.

In the letter William Siebold wrote that although he had escaped a watery grave, he had arrived on the North Shore of Lake Superior almost dead. He had seen the fires of the Saginaw Indians while he still floated on the lake and some of the Indians spied him and brought him to shore. William couldn’t walk for two weeks, but after that he made several efforts to reach Fort William and he finally succeeded. He wrote from Fort Abercrombie in Minnesota that with the help of the priest there, he hoped to be at home in Eagle River in two weeks.

He concluded: “Our people will hardly know me, but I am in good health and hope to resume my business. Thousand greetings to all my friends. WM. SIEBOLD

P.S. I will give you all the particulars when I reach you. I feel to weak to write any more since I have not handled a pen in 3 years. You will excuse my bad writing.”

The newspaper stories speculated that the letter might be a hoax and one even said that maybe the same friends that had settled his estate to their benefit might be responsible, but one newspaper noted that William Siebold returned to Eagle River and resumed his jewelry business.

Two of Lucena Brockway’s diary entries from Eagle River for the last part of 1866 mention the Ironsides and Lake Superior’s unpredictable weather.

Sunday, November 4, 1866

It’s morning. Scot and Sarah with their little babe Mary Lucena left on the steamer Ironsides to go to Colorado to visit their parents and the baby died in four days after arriving.

Friday, December 9, 1866

A very beautiful day sun shone all day and it seemed like spring. No ice . Picked agates on the beach much like summer.

Lucena Brockway

References Havighurst, Walter. The Long Ships Passing. McMillan, 1942.

Penrose, Laurie. A Traveler’s Guide to 116 Michigan Lighthouses. Penrose Publications, 2008.

Roberts, Bruce. Lighthouses of Michigan:  A Guidebook and Keepsake. Globe Pequot, 2005.

The British Whig, August 15, 1845

Portage Lake Michigan Mining Gazette, October 3, 1867



Copyright Notice

All of the material on this website is copyrighted.  You are free to link to any of the articles and to download any of the PDF books to read and use as long as you credit me as the author. I fully hope and expect the classroom activities to be freely used.      kathywarnes@gmail.com
Picture
Sunset on Lake Michigan in Michigan's Upper Peninsula.
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  • Welcome to History? ...
  • Sing Along to the Spring Siren Song
  • Ohio Ghosts Whisper....
  • Major Archie Butt Had a Gift for Friendship, Even on the Titanic
  • A Love Story for Valentine's Day - Marie Antoinette and Count Axel von Fersen
  • Valentine's Day Crossword
  • Titanic Headlines, Titanic Questions
  • Hoover Dam
  • Journalists in History
    • Ernie Pyle
    • Robert St. John
    • Joseph Morton
    • Robert Cromie
    • Agnes Meyer and Katherine Graham
    • Walter Cronkite
    • Sigrid Schultz
    • Jack Denton Scott
  • March is Women's History Month!
  • Alcohol in American History - John Barleycorn Tells Some of His Story
  • As Relevant As Today- The Past Connects with the Present
    • Ignoring History is Irrelevant
    • Honoring a Veteran: Veteran's Day, November 11, 2012
    • December 1, 1958: The Day Chicago Cried with Our Lady of the Angels
    • Remembering the Vietnam War - 37 Years Present
    • Rebellion, Murder, and Voting Rights in Rhode Island
  • Words and Remembrance-May 1970 at Kent State in Ohio and Jackson State in Mississippi
  • Rub-a-dub-dub in Your Historical Bathtub!
  • The Freedom Summer Murders Changed American Racial Attitudes
  • To Beard Or Not To Beard - That is the Historical Question
  • Scarecrows Historically Speaking
  • Diversionary Thoughts for the Dentists Chair
  • Humans in History
    • Suzanne Valadon and Maurice Utrillo, Artists of Montmartre
    • Grandmother Clara Zetkin Speaks
    • High Stepping Ohio Horseman
    • Philip Teitelbaum Creates a Money Making Machine
    • The 1755 Lisbon Earthquake..
    • Poul le Cour
    • John Collier's Fight for Indian Rights and the First and Last Superintendent of Indian Affairs
    • Lt. Colonel Ely Parker, First Native American Commissioner of Indian Affairs
    • Clara and Henry Leffingwell - An English, American, and Australian Story
    • The Murderer and the Museum Curator - Nathan Leopold and Kirtland's Warbler
    • Wilbur Carr, the State Department, and Immigration - 1920-1945
    • Billy Sunday Preached His Prayer Pennant Willing Baseball Story
    • William Alden Smith, Michigan's Titanic Senator
    • Helen and Dickinson Bishop Survive An Earthquake and the Titanic
    • Faster Than Flames: Locomotive Engineer James Root Races the Hinckley Fire
    • Three Hot and Contentious Weeks in July 1925 - The Scopes "Monkey " Trial
    • The Confederados Become Brazilian, but Honor Their American Southern Roots
    • Fascinating Footnote: The Goosedown Divorce
    • Clara and Henry Leffingwell - An English, Australian, and American Story
    • The Molly Maguires - Trailblazers or Terrorists?
    • Lt. Uriah Phillips Levy Fights Prejudice and Saves Monticello
    • The Stavisky Affair - Sasha the Suave Scammer
    • General Santa Anna, Chicle, and Chewing Gum
    • James J. Metcalfe, Gangbuster, Reporter, Poet
  • Women Along the Historical Way
    • Lucena Brockway Adapts to Life in the Keweenaw Copper Mining Country of Lake Superior
    • Ida Tarbell- "Bachelor Soul." Transitional Woman, or Both?
    • SOE Agent Andree Borrel Lived Several Lifetimes in Her 24 Years
    • Ruth Becker's Faith Helped Her Survive the Titanic and Life Beyond
    • Clara Zetkin Speaks Against Hitler in the German Reichstag
    • Maria Mitchell, America's First Woman Astronomer
    • Lee Lawrence Ansberry - The Courage to Live
    • Lydia Latrobe Roosevelt and the First Mississippi River Steamboat
    • Margaret Fox Kane's Victorian Love Story
    • Chicagoan Kate Kellogg Meets a Ghost on a Train
  • Acting History-History Plays
  • Practicing History
  • Classroom Clues
    • Power Point Pointers
    • Pieces of the World History Puzzle
    • Time Machine Tours
  • The Haunted Hollows of History
    • Does Columbus Haunt His Ships...
    • The Phantom Plowman
    • The Western Reserve and the Gilcher
    • The Ticonderoga's Haunted Bell
    • The Train Chaser
    • Mary Surratt
    • Farmer Brunett's Ghost Lantern
    • A Bicyclist Encounters a Phantom
  • Wading in Historical Waters
    • The Lady and the Patriot- The Fateful Voyage of Theodosia Burr Alston
    • Operation Dynamo at Dunkirk- Snatching Soldiers from the Fingers of the Nazis
    • Beaver Island - Mormon Kingdom, Fisherman's Paradise, Pirate Lair
    • Captain Jedediah Spinnet and His Sons Caught Fish and Pirates
    • Roman Emperor Caligula and His Legendary Lake Nemi Ships
    • Great Lakes Steamers and the Black Hawk War
    • Captain Harry Ward Cruised Gold Fields and Commanded a Slave Ship
    • "Father Put Me in the Boat-" The Story of the Northfleet
  • Catching Up with Clio's Creatures
    • Gertie the Duck, Black Bill, and the Muffled Memorial Day Parade
    • Verdun Belle Rescues a Shell-Shocked World War I Marine
    • Storks are the Stuff of Legend and Every Day Life
    • Susa White Gives Her Pet Lamb Nebby to Boston
    • Sergeant Stubby, the World War I Dog
    • Pistol Head, Cocker Spaniel, Combat Veteran
    • Goofy, The Warrior Dog Comes Home
    • Sallie the Civil War Heroine
  • Creative History
    • World War II Photographs by Sandy Blakeman
    • Church Going is a Common Historical Experience
  • Musical Muse
    • Lydia Maria Child Writes and Explores Over the River and Through the Wood
    • Solomon Linda, Mbube, Wimoweh, The Lion Sleeps Tonight
    • Leroy Anderson Captures Fun and Feelings in His Music
    • Harry Barnhart Helped Soldiers Sing Their Way Through World War I >
      • Presidents in a Package-George Washington >
        • Mary Breckinridge, Circuit Riding Nurse and Founder of the Frontier Nursing Service
        • George and Harry Washington Fight for Freedom
        • Charles Wedel Served on Manitowoc Submarines >
          • Navy Diver Frank Prebezich Remembered Pearl Harbor by Salvaging Battleships
          • Stan Valentine at Pearl Harbor
          • World War II - Serving Aboard the USS Enterpise
          • Michel Linovich-an Italian in Napoleon's Grand Army
          • Charles Whittlesey- Scholar, Soldier, Humanist
          • The Five Sullivan Brothers Stick Together...
          • Kentuckian James Andrews and the Yankee Bridge Burners
          • General Grant, General Babcock, General McDonald and Journalist Colony: A Study in Scandal and Friendship
          • The Dudman Family Lived the Meaning...
        • George Washington Travels French Creek to Fort Le Boeuf
        • Miracle in World War I - the Christmas
        • Presidents in a Package - Thomas Jefferson
        • President James Monroe Inspects Michigan Territory - 1817
        • President Grover Cleveland's Secret Surgery on the Steam Yacht Oneida
        • John Kissinger Volunteers to Get Yellow Fever
        • Mary Todd Lincoln Considered April Her "Season of Sadness"
        • Violets for Valor - Two Bereaved Fathers in the Civil War
      • Clarence and Mildred Beltmann - Persevering Through Hard Times
    • Singing Kumbayah- Harmonious in Hope, Discordant in Derision
    • James Bird - The Battle of Lake Erie, The Execution, The Ballad
    • PDF Musical Muse- Music History
    • Phil Ochs- A Musical Conscience of the 1960s and Beyond
    • Dan Fogelberg and His Music
    • Philip Paul Bliss and His Trunk of Songs
    • Riding with Private Andrew Malone: For All of those who didn't Make it Home
    • Do You Ken John Peel?
    • "Mind the Music and the Step-" Yankee Doodle Sings History
  • Back Water River and British Bluster
  • Soldier's Stories
  • September 11, 2001 is a "Mixed Feeling Day"
  • Memories of the Pearl Harbor Attack Haven't Faded with Time
    • Memories of Pearl Harbor
  • Light and Radiance - Figure Skater Laurence Owen and Her Team
  • Historic Halloween Tales
  • Thanksgiving Perspectives
    • Drive A Thanksgiving Turkey!
    • The Centerpiece of Thanksgiving Celebrations is Giving Thanks >
      • Presidents in a Package - Abraham Lincoln
      • Americans and Britons Celebrated Thanksgiving 1942 in War Weathered England
      • Writing a Gratitude Journal for Thanksgiving Day
      • "Do You Hear What I Hear?" >
        • Christmas Eve, 1941-A Sailor
        • Alfred Burt and Wihla Hutson
        • Milwaukee Soldiers and Sailors in World War II
        • History Sports Scenes >
          • Throwing Out the First Pitch - American Presidents On Opening Day
          • Kenesaw Mountain Landis
          • Jim Rice - A Big Time Coach in a Small Town
          • Playing Lucky Baseball with Lady Luck Sitting in the Catbird Seat
        • Silent Night Had Simple Beginnings >
          • The Angels Song - It Came Upon the Midnight Clear
          • Stuffing Stockings on St. Nicholas Day >
            • Mrs. Santa Claus- A Strong and Supportive
            • Katherine Davis-The Little Drummer Boy
        • Is There A Santa Claus? Virginia O'Hanlon and
        • Carols Silent Night and O Holy Night
        • Happy New Year
        • The Holocaust in History >
          • Carl von Ossietzky Wins a Nobel Prize While in a Nazi Concentration Camp
      • City Scapes